The proposed moral equilibrium model asserts that one’s own moral behavior will stimulate compensatory action (moral credentials and penance), but that others’ moral behavior will stimulate consistency. Across two studies, we found that individuals who recalled a time when they acted morally were less likely to report prosocial behavioral intentions than were control participants, whereas, individuals who recalled a time when they acted immorally were more likely to report prosocial behavioral intentions compared to control participants (Study 1). Study 2 examined the effect of others’, as well as one’s own, moral behavior on individuals’ actual immoral actions. Individuals who recalled a time when they acted morally cheated more than did those who recalled a time when they acted immorally; conversely, those who recalled a time with an other acted morally cheated less compared to those who recalled a time when an other acted immorally. We discuss the role of past moral actions on individuals’ moral self-image and subsequent behavior, as well as ongoing research testing the boundaries of the moral equilibrium model.